Yes, get a cage. You can let them run free some of the time, but a totally free range ferret is a good way for him to get hurt or killed. It is physically impossible to completely ferret-proof ur house. The only logical alternative to a cage would be to have a separate bed room used only for the ferret. Go over it floor to ceiling, secure vents, plugs, cupboards. Make sure there is nothing they can dig in, eat, destroy, or any way for them to escape. If there is a way, they will find it. You should get the book Ferrets for Dummies. It has a lot of information & tips. It will help a lot.
But please, get a cage